'hydraulic fluid'

A double-acting hydraulic cylinder has a port at each end, supplied with hydraulic fluid for both the retraction and extension of the piston. A double-acting cylinder is used where an external force is not available to retract the piston or it can be used where high force is required in both directions of travel.

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The working principle of single-acting cylinders are to transfer hydraulic fluids or an output force in one direction only. Within the cylinder, the piston rod can push outwards but cannot pull back, therefore requiring a force in the opposite direction to return the rod back to its original position.

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O-rings are used to seal all kinds of devices to keep them operating and safe. They do so by keeping necessary fluids in hydraulic systems and unwanted fluids and contaminants out.

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Hydraulic seals are gasket-like rings that are designed to seal areas between the components in a hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic cylinders contain many different components, some of which are exposed to the fluid. To prevent fluid from leaking around these components, hydraulic seals are used. Hydraulic seals are designed to fit the components in a hydraulic cylinder while creating a leak-proof seal around them.

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A hydraulic hose conveys hydraulic fluid to or between hydraulic components. Components include valves, tools, and actuators. Hydraulic hose is usually flexible and reinforced. The hose is often made up of several layers of reinforcement.

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A hydraulic power unit utilizes fluid to transmit power from one place to another and it is used to apply hydraulic pressure to power the hydraulic motors. Power packs are often used for heavy lifting applications or anything that requires strong, directional force. They are mainly used for industrial applications. Such hydraulic power packs create huge power and high flow rates. They can handle heavy loads for a long period.

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Allow hydraulic oil into different paths from one or more sources. Will usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder which is mechanically or electrically actuated. The position of the spool restricts or permits flow, thus it controls the fluid flow.

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Directional control valves are used to control the direction and movement of hydraulic fluid through a system. They are often referred to as switching valves and come in three main categories: hydraulic check valves, directional spool valves and poppet valves that make up the different types of control valves.

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They are suitable for pumping low viscosity fluids. These pumps improve flow rate by reducing the internal mechanical losses and damping. An electric motor is coupled to the pump rotor to create a rotary motion. As the rotor rotates, the fluid enters the pump. This fluid flows into the hydraulic vane pump chambers. The volume of the vane chambers at the inlet sections is larger than that at the outlet section of the pump. The decrease in volume helps the fluid to develop a high pressure as it exits the pump. As the rotor rotates, the pump vanes tend to move outwards. This is due to the centrifugal force and the symmetrical shape of the pump casing. In the inlet, the vanes create a vacuum, causing a pressure difference thus, it draws fluid into the pump.

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